2018 - Англійська частина(АМПС)
2018 - Англійська частина(АМПС)
Питань: 28
28:00
Питання 1 з 28
Питання 1
A patient has an incised wound on the posterior surface of his thigh and is unable to flex his lower leg. What muscles were damaged?
Питання 2
Analysis detects glucose and amino acids in the primary urine. In the residual urine they are absent due to tubular reabsorption of these substances. Where in the nephron does this process occur?
Питання 3
A man was brought to the hospital in a severe condition: facial edemas, myalgia, high temperature, and respiratory distress. History-taking revealed that the patient’s family regularly consumes untested pork. What helminth can be the cause of such symptoms?
Питання 4
Histologic specimen of an ovary shows a follicle in its cortical substance. The follicle consists of a primary oocyte, transparent membrane, and one layer of prismatic cells. Specify the type of the follicle:
Питання 5
A 27-year-old woman suffering from rheumatic heart disease since her childhood has developed cardiac decompensation and died. Autopsy shows mitral stenosis; mitral valve cusps are sharply thickened, sclerotic, and fused together along the closure line. Specify the type of endocarditis in this case:
Питання 6
A person has memorized a phone number for a short period of time (a few seconds). After making a call the person was unable to reproduce this sequence of numbers. In this case the process of memorizing was based on the following type of memory:
Питання 7
After intensive training session an athlete presents with significant loss off vascular tone in the working muscles. These changes are caused by accumulation of the following in the vessels:
Питання 8
The disease onset occurred 3 days ago. The patient complains of body temperature up to 38°C, stomachache, and frequent loose bloody stools. Bacillary dysentery was clinically diagnosed in the patient. What method of microbiological diagnostics would be advisable in this case and what samples should be obtained from the patient to confirm this diagnosis?
Питання 9
A 36-year-old woman suffers from a connective tissue disease (collagenosis). What metabolite is the most likely to be increased in her urine?
Питання 10
Blood serum analysis of the patient with acute hepatitis shows increased levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). What changes on the cellular level can result in such developments?
Питання 11
A man complaining of memory deterioration, reduced mental capabilities, sleep disorders, and vertigo was brought to the neurologic department. The patient explains these symptoms as consequences of the brain concussion received in a traffic accident 2 years ago. Choose the drug that can improve the patient’s brain metabolism and would be the most advisable in this case:
Питання 12
The cell was exposed to mutagenic factor which resulted in DNA molecule losing 2 nucleotide pairs. What type of mutation occurred in the DNA?
Питання 13
A patient with ciliary arrhythmia was prescribed digoxin. What mechanism of action of this medicine results in its antiarrhythmic effect?
Питання 14
Autopsy of the body of a 48-year-old man shows that the bone marrow in the flat bones, as well as in the cylindrical bone diaphyses and epiphyses, is moist, colored gray-red or gray-yellow, and puriform (pyoid bone marrow). The spleen weight is 7 kg; it is dark red on section, with signs of ischemic infarctions. All the lymph nodes are enlarged, soft, and gray-red in color. In the liver there are signs of fatty degeneration and leukemic infiltrates. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Питання 15
Permeability of the excitable cell membrane to potassium ions was increased in an experiment. What changes in the membrane potential will occur?
Питання 16
An unconscious patient was brought into the hospital. The smell of acetone can be detected from the patient’s mouth. Blood glucose - 25 mmol/L, ketone bodies -0.57 mmol/L. What hormone deficiency can result in the development of this condition?
Питання 17
A patient has developed systemic (megaloblastic) anemia despite eating a balanced diet. The day before he underwent a gastric surgical resection. The anemia in this patient is caused by the deficiency of:
Питання 18
Mass mortality of rodents was observed in one of the mountain villages. Simultaneously there occurred a disease outbreak in the local population. The disease manifested by rapidly progressive fever up to 40°C, marked intoxication, and enlargement of inguinal lymph nodes. Smear preparations made from autopsy specimens contained gram-negative ovoid bacilli with bipolar staining. What microorganism is the causative agent of this disease?
Питання 19
Blood sample poured into a test tube has clotted within 6 minutes. The test tube was then put into a thermostat and in 24 hours the blood clot was destroyed due to activation of:
Питання 20
A patient was hospitalized with diagnosis of an intestinal carcinoid. Laboratory analysis detects increased synthesis of serotonin from tryptophan. This process is based on the following biological mechanism:
Питання 21
In the morning a man diagnosed with diabetes mellitus received a prescribed dose of long-acting insulin on an empty stomach. He missed his regular meal and soon after that he developed weakness, headache, and vertigo, body tremors, convulsions, feeling of hunger, and signs of hypoglycemia. Glucose administration did not improve the patient’s condition. What medicine should be administered to provide quick relief to the patient?
Питання 22
Thoracic duct rupture has occurred in a weightlifter, when he was lifting the bar. The injury to the thoracic duct is the most likely to be localized in the area of:
Питання 23
A patient with ischemic heart disease was prescribed a calcium channel blocker. Name this drug:
Питання 24
Autopsy of the body shows that the soft meninges of the deceased individual are plethoric, thickened, opaque, and yellow-green colored. What type of exudative inflammation can be characterized by such changes in the soft meninges?
Питання 25
An experiment has demonstrated that after exposure to ultrav radiation the dermal cells of the patients with xeroderma pigmentosum are slower to restore the native DNA structure than they are in the healthy individuals due to deficiency of the DNA repair enzyme. What enzyme takes part in the repair process?
Питання 26
A 52-year-old woman suffering from breast cancer had undergone a course of radiation therapy. As a result the tumor diminished in size. What mechanism of cell damage ensures effectiveness of radiation therapy?
Питання 27
A 34-year-old woman was diagnosed with hereditary spherocytosis (hereditary microspherocytic hemolytic anemia, Minkowski-Chauffard syndrome). What mechanism leads to erythrocyte hemolysis in the patient?
Питання 28
A woman complains of раіп іп the right іlіас region. Palpation detects there a soft, movie, and painful intestine. What intestine is being palpated?